Textile Chemistry-I - 18210
 Periods/Week   Periods in one
Session 		 Full
 Marks 		  Annual 
Exam		  Internal 
Exam
L T P/S
2 0 0 50 100 80 20

 

Rationale

...
Objectives
...

 
 CURRICULUM
SL Topics Periods
1. Introduction 02
2. Singeing 02
3. Desizing 04
4. Scouring 05
5. Bleaching 06
6. Mercerization 06
7. Dyeing 13
8. Printing 12
  Total 50

 

 CONTENTS
 Topics  Content Periods
01 Introduction 02
01.01 General considerations of textile chemistry.  
01.02 Elementary Chemistry: Formation of compounds, acid salts, the 'ous' and 'ic' conditions, double salts, basic salts, oxidising agents, reducing agents, some idea about pH Number, Water - its hardness and purification.  
01.03 Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres: Actions of acids and alkalies on textile fibres, Actions of oxidising and reducing agents, Actions of Metallic salts.  
01.04 Important textile auxiliaries.  
01.05 Anionic, cationic and non-ionic substances.  
01.06 Wetting and Detergency.  
02 Singeing 02
02.01 Introduction.  
02.02 Objects and principle of singeing.  
02.03 Different methods for singeing: Plate Singeing Machine, Roller Singeing Machine, and Gas Singeing Machine.  
02.04 Merits and demerits of these above singeing machines.  
03 De-Sizing 04
03.01 Objects.  
03.02 Methods of desizing, working principles of padding mangle.  
03.02.1 Hydrolytic desizing methods: Rot Steep, Acid Steep, Enzymatic Steep.  
03.02.2 Oxidative desizing methods: Chlorine desizing, Chlorite desizing, Bromite desizing, Continuous desizing.  
04 Scouring 05
04.01 Introduction and objects.  
04.02 General conditions of scouring.  
04.03 Scouring operation: Saponification, Emulsification, Detergent action, Prolonged boiling.  
04.04 Machines used for scouring: Jigger, Winch Machine, Kier. Old type kier, Vertical kier, Horizontal kier, Comparison of horizontal and vertical kier, Steam injector kier.  
04.05 Efficiency of scouring.  
05 Bleaching 06
05.01 Objects.  
05.02 Auxiliary used for textile bleaching.  
05.03 Bleaching of cotton.  
05.04 Bleaching process: Bleaching powder, Sodium hypochlorite, Hydrogen Peroxide (advantage and disadvantage of this process), Sodium Chlorite.  
05.05 Bleaching of Wool.  
05.06 Wool carbonisation.  
05.07 Bleaching of Silk.  
05.08 Process of Bleaching Silk: Sodium Peroxide method, H2O2 method.  
05.09 Optical whitening agent.  
05.10 Application of Hydrogen Peroxide: One or Two Bath Method, Mixed Bleaching, Continuous Method, Du Pont Process.  
05.11 Development in Bleaching: National Peroxide Process, Rapid Bleach Process, Cold Peroxide Process, Simultaneous Scouring and Bleaching.  
05.12 Souring, Anti-Chlorination.  
05.13 Bleaching of blended fabrics.  
05.14 Bleaching of coloured woven goods.  
05.15 Faults in bleaching and their removal.  
06 Mercerization 06
06.01 Objects.  
06.02 History and development of mercerization.  
06.03 Factors determining the efficiency of mercerization (Barium Activity Number, Lustre, Deconvolution Count, X-ray Analysis).  
06.04 Physical and Chemical changes in cotton due to mercerization. (Chemical, physiochemical, structural modification of cellulose).  
06.05 Description of the process of mercerization: Chain cloth mercerizing machine, Chainless cloth mercerizing machine, Chainless pad-less cloth mercerizing machine.  
06.06 Hank Mercerization.  
06.07 Hot Mercerization.  
07 Dyeing 13
07.01 Nomenclature of Dyes: Colour and Dyes, colouring and Dyeing.  
07.02 The dye molecule (chromophores and auxochromes). Classification of dye molecules: Anionic, Cationic and Disperse. Configuration of the dye molecule.  
07.03 Phenomenon of Dyeing: The general theory of dyeing. Affinity of a dye. Dyeing aspects (Thermodynamic aspect and Kinetic aspect). The role of water, electrolytes, heat and dye auxiliaries in dyeing. Dye auxiliary: Carriers or swelling agents, levelling agents (anionic levelling agents and cationic levelling agents), Scouring after dyeing.  
07.04 Classification of dyes according to the mode of application.  
07.05 Selection of dyestuffs.  
07.06 General condition of dyeing.  
07.07 Application of Dyes.

Direct Dyes:

  • Introduction
  • Properties of Direct dyes
  • Methods of Application (cotton, wool, silk)
  • After treatment of direct colour dyed goods

Basic Dyes:

  • Introduction
  • Properties of Basic dyes
  • Methods of Application (cotton, wool, silk)
  • Degumming of Silk

Acid Dyes:

  • Introduction
  • Properties and Classification of Acid dyes
  • Theory of Acid Colour Dyeing
  • Methods of Application (silk, wool)

Sulphur Dyes:

  • Introduction
  • Properties of Sulphur dyes
  • Methods of Application (cotton)
  • After treatment of Sulphur dyed goods
  • Tendering of sulphur black, stripping of sulphur dyed material, solubilised sulphur dyestuffs.
  
08 Printing 12
08.01 Definition of textile printing and its significance.  
08.02 Difference between dyeing and printing.  
08.03 The general theory of printing; dye molecule, role of water, thickener and steam; dry heating, washing off, fading, fastness to sunlight, wash fastness, dry cleaning fastness, fastness to perspiration, fastness to compounds and bleaches containing chlorine, fastness to sea water.  
08.04 Classification of textile printing - the method of printing and the style of printing.  
08.05 Stages of Printing.  
08.06 Methods of Printing: Block printing, Screen Printing (important constituents - screen table, screen, exposing unit, washing tray, printing paste), merits and demerits; Roller Printing - Roller Printing Machine and its main parts. Working of Roller Printing; its advantages and disadvantages. Faults in Roller Printing and Screen Printing and their rectification. Automatic flat-bed screen printing machine. Vertical Duplex Screen Printing. Rotary Screen Printing. Transfer Printing. Foam Printing.  
08.07 Preparation of Printing Paste:
  • Use of various ingredients and thickeners.
  • Preparation of cloth for printing.
  • After treatments of printed goods.
  

 

 Recommended Books
SL Title/Publisher Author
1. A Glimpse on the Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres R.R. Chackravertty
2. The Bleaching, Mercerising & Dyeing of Cotton Materials R. S. Prayag
3. Dyeing of wool, Silk and Man-Made Fibres R. S. Prayag
4. Technology of Textile Printing R. S. Prayag
5. Chemistry of Dyes and Principles of Dyeing V.A. Shenai
6. Technology of Bleaching and Mercerising V.A. Shenai
7. Technology of Printing V.A. Shenai
8. Mercerising J. T. Marsh
9. Principles of Textile Printing D. G. Kale
10. Textile Scouring and Bleaching E. R. Trotman
11. Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres E. R. Trotman
12. Chemical Processing of Textile Sadov
13. The Dyeing of Textile Fibres Textile Institute

 

 Scheme of Examination: Final Examination Marks = 80
Top
Designed and Developed by NIC, Bihar State Centre, Patna.